[Anna]

This is still an area I am learning about, and finding effective techniques has been somewhat difficult so far. Especially in the heat of the moment. What I know of so far is to help remove them from the stressful situation, either by allowing them to be by themselves (within view) for a bit, or giving them a brief ‘time out’ not as a punishment but just to let them cool down for a bit. Ask them about what happened and why, give ample time for responses especially if they’re crying. If they don’t seem like they can articulate clearly, ask yes or no questions and let them just nod or shake their head in response. Verbally empathize with how they’re feeling, such as “X is frustrating, isn’t it? I understand why you feel angry about it.” And when a child *does* verbally express their emotional needs and sets a boundary, respect it without complaint!